The Code Book: The Science of Secrecy from Ancient Egypt to Quantum Cryptography

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They began working on the Challenge soon after The Code Book was published in September 1999, when Fredrik Almgren was in London taking part in a juggling festival. Thus, in the race between decoders and creative code writers, not only the reputation of the technicians but often also the history of the world as we know it was at stake. An earlier, later, or even non-occurrence of an encryption or decryption technique would almost certainly have led to another current geopolitical map, unleashing close to any possible uchronic alternative timeline. As Neil Bohr said - "Anyone who can contemplate quantum mechanics without getting dizzy hasn’t understood it." In 1918, the German creator Arthur Scherbius found another approach to make ciphers by developing a mechanical gadget called the Enigma in 1918. It comprised of a console, a scrambling unit made out of cipher circles and a presentation board. The client essentially composed a letter and the design of cipher plates managed which cipher letters showed up on the showcase.

Simon Singh, author of Fermat’s Last Theorem has succeeded in The Code Book in making codes and ciphers intelligible to the layman. The heroes of Singh’s absorbing account are code-breakers, ‘linguistic alchemists’, whose obsessive pursuit of cryptography through the ages has transformed the course of history.”In any case, if deciphering missing symbolic representations appears as though a sensational accomplishment, the antiquated language of Linear B was significant all the more testing. Legecy টা এখানেই, পরিসংখ্যান বিশ্লেষণের মাধ্যমে সেই টেক্সটও পাঠের পদ্ধতিও বের করলেন Code breaker-রা। প্রতিটা ভাষার ধ্বনিতত্ত্ব বিশ্লেষণ করলে দেখা যায়,এখানে সুনির্দিষ্ট কিছু ধ্বনি বেশি ব্যবহৃত হয়।যেমন ইংরেজিতে সবচে' বেশি ব্যবহৃত হয় "e",তারপর "a","t" ইত্যাদি।এভাবে বর্ণ বের করার পদ্ধতির নাম Frequency Analysis. আরবেরা এই পদ্ধতির জনক।ধর্মগ্রন্থে কোন কোন শব্দ কতোবার ব্যবহার

A chronological series of cipher techniques; classic substitution, Caesar cipher, homophonic substitution, Vigenère cipher, book cipher, Playfair cipher, ADFGVX cipher, Enigma cipher, and two computer ciphers known as DES and RSA. That being said, this is a very informative book about the past, present and future of cryptography. Singh takes us on a journey from ancient times where simple communications and hence simple codes sufficed, through a series of unfortunate events that resulted in the execution of Mary, Queen of Scots,to a time in the future when quantum cryptography might prevail. My favorite part is when he talks about the decipherment of Linear B (which led me to another amazing book of the same name), an ancient language discovered in the remains of a palace in Crete. Oh, and he also makes the Second World War seem interesting in an entirely differently way. Another reflection of the widespread interest was shown at a cryptography seminar in Oxford, where Cipher Challengers from Britain, America, Sweden, Switzerland and Norway arranged to meet up. Whenever I gave talks, both in Britain and abroad, I would meet Cipher Challengers from all walks of life and of all ages – from novices and schoolchildren to mathematicians and professional cryptographers. There was even a Fields Medallist who became involved. The methods used are described in detail, which is sometimes too advanced for beginners, and because of this, it´s sometimes advisable to skim the purely theoretical descriptions as in my case (laziness and layman). The military historical and political aspects are anyway much more interesting for the philistines of applied science.Enigma" নিয়ে। সে সময়কার রোমহর্ষক ইতিহাসের শ্বাসসরুদ্ধকর বর্ণনা আছে বইটিতে।সে ইতিহাস শীতল স্নায়ুযুদ্ধের,মর্মান্তিক ও একই সাথে চূড়ান্ত উত্তেজনাকর।ঐ সময়টাতেই Cryptography-র বিকাশটা হয় সবচে' বেশি। ততদিনে Cryptography-টা আর ভাষাবিদদের মধ্যে সীমাবদ্ধ নয়,বরং গণিতবিদ,দাবাড়ু,বিজ্ঞানীদের প্রাধান্যে এগিয়ে চলছে দ্রুতগতিতে।অপ্রতিরোধ্য "Enigma"কেও হার মানান Bletchley Park