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Huang, Kuan-Ming; Guan, Zhengfei; Hammami, AbdelMalek (October 2022). "The U.S. Fresh Fruit and Vegetable Industry: An Overview of Production and Trade". Agriculture. 12 (10): 1719. doi: 10.3390/agriculture12101719. ISSN 2077-0472. Miller, Kathryn M; McGill, Brian J (March 4, 2019). "Compounding human stressors cause major regeneration debt in over half of eastern US forests". Journal of Applied Ecology. 56 (6): 1355–1366. doi: 10.1111/1365-2664.13375. S2CID 92796991. The pawpaw peduncle borer ( Talponia plummeriana) is one of the few pests that specifically targets this species. The larvae consume portions of the flowers when the trees are blooming, which leads to a smaller crop. Since 1999, the Ohio Pawpaw Growers' Association has sponsored an annual Ohio Pawpaw Festival at Lake Snowden, near Albany, Ohio. [120] Since 2012, Delaware's Alapocas Run State Park has hosted an annual Pawpaw Folk Festival featuring tastings of the fruit. [121]
It just goes to show that without trees and plants, the air we breathe wouldn’t be as clean and fresh as it should be, and we shouldn’t take it for granted. Patch-forming clonal growth is achieved by way of shallow, horizontally spreading stems ( rhizomes). By retaining these interconnections, photosynthates can be shared among the stems ( ramets). Stems that access sunlight can grow as tall as 30 feet and will bear the most fruit. Stems that develop under canopy shade tend to curve and bend in quest of sunlight patches, with a greater density of small stems than where the tallest stems have captured the canopy positions. [68] This immunity makes walnut trees ideal for shading Pawpaws, for keeping away the competition, and for attracting beneficial insects for cross-pollination. NasturtiumsThe original "papaw" ... is Carica papaya. By 1598, English-speaking people in the Caribbean were calling these plants "pawpaws" or "papaws" ... [yet later, when English-speakers settled in] the temperate Americas, they found another tree with a similarly aromatic, sweet fruit. It reminded them of the "papaya", which had already become "papaw", so that is what they called these different plants ... By 1760, the names "papaw" and "pawpaw" were being applied to A. triloba. a b c d Damrosch, Barbara (September 8, 2011). "Return of the Native? Pawpaws' Proponents". The Washington Post (Local Living, p.9). Bark: Light gray, sometimes blotched with lighter gray spots, sometimes covered with small excrescences, divided by shallow fissures; inner bark tough, fibrous; bark with a very disagreeable odor when bruised [13] [25]
a b Barlow, Connie (2001). "Anachronistic Fruits and the Ghosts Who Haunt Them" (PDF). Harvard University Arboretum. Archived (PDF) from the original on February 12, 2013 . Retrieved December 5, 2012.Professional papers on genus Asimina and its species have warned of the difficulties in discerning whether insects observed on or collected from flowers are effective pollinators or merely casual and thus opportunistic visitors. [42] [44] [45] Rodale’s Ultimate Encyclopedia of Organic Gardening says there’s an old cultivar called ‘Sunflower’ that doesn’t require cross-pollination, if you can find one! Quality Plants for Best Results Historically, the fruit was enjoyed by Native Americans and early European settlers alike. At least two U.S. presidents favored paw paws: George Washington reportedly enjoyed them for dessert, and Thomas Jefferson was known to have grown paw paws at Monticello. Pistils: Several, on the summit of the receptacle, projecting from the mass of stamens; ovary one-celled; stigma sessile; ovules many [25] This plant's scientific name is Asimina triloba. The genus name Asimina is adapted from the Native American (probably Miami-Illinois [12]) name assimin or rassimin [13] combining the root terms rassi= “divided lengthwise into equal parts” and min= “seed, fruit, nut, berry, etc.” [14] through the French colonial asiminier. [15] The specific epithet triloba in the species' scientific name refers to the flowers' three-lobed calyx (green in photo at right) and doubly three-lobed corollas, [13] the shape not unlike a tricorne hat.
Zhao, Geng-Xian; Miesbauer, Laura R.; Smith, David L.; McLaughlin, Jerry L. (June 1994). "Asimin, asiminacin, and asiminecin: novel highly cytotoxic asimicin isomers from Asimina triloba". Journal of Medicinal Chemistry. 37 (13): 1971–1976. doi: 10.1021/jm00039a009. PMID 8027979. The megafaunal dispersal syndrome is a common feature of some plants native to the Western Hemisphere, where a large proportion of megafauna went extinct near the end of the glacial episodes. Such fruits are now regarded as evolutionary anachronisms. [27] Their anatomical features, such as seeds too big for today's fruit eaters to swallow and then defecate, means they are no longer well adapted for current ecological conditions. [50] The fruit of pawpaw tends to remain green or become blotched with brown at peak ripeness. Asimina triloba, the American papaw, pawpaw, paw paw, or paw-paw, among many regional names, is a small deciduous tree native to the eastern United States and Canada, producing a large, yellowish-green to brown fruit. [3] [4] [5] Asimina is the only temperate genus in the tropical and subtropical flowering plant family Annonaceae, and Asimina triloba has the most northern range of all. [6] Well-known tropical fruits of different genera in family Annonaceae include the custard-apple, cherimoya, sweetsop, ylang-ylang, and soursop.As an understory plant, beneath the partial shade of deciduous trees, it is shrub-like. But in the full sunshine of open spaces, it’s a pyramid-shaped tree that may exceed 30 feet in height.
In Michigan, the Paw Paw River is named for the pawpaw trees that grew along its banks. Paw Paw Lake and Little Paw Paw Lake are both tributaries to the river. The town of Paw Paw, Michigan, is located at the junction of two branches of the Paw Paw River. The Paw Paw Railroad (1857–1887) operated a 4-mile (6.4-km) rail line between Lawton and Paw Paw, in Van Buren County, Michigan. [111] Ohio actually has a fete celebrating this fruit. It is called the Pawpaw Festival and is a yearly event held in Lake Snowden for a few days in September where the fruit is sold, cooked, and baked into tasty dishes. This particular type of Pawpaw Tree pest is barely 10mm long, yet it can cause a lot of damage as its larvae emerge and gnaw into the flowers or the fruits. These old Appalachian lyricshave been sung around many a campfire, including the Girl Scout jamborees of my childhood. But although I was in prime pawpaw territory, I grew up with only the word, and not the sweet flavor, on my tongue. Choose a spot for your seedling that has only between 2-6 hours of sunlight a day, but if the direct sunlight becomes too hot, erect a screen for partial shading.Pawpaw fruits are sweet, with a custard-like texture, and a flavor somewhat similar to banana, mango, and pineapple. They are commonly eaten raw, but are also used to make ice cream and baked desserts. However, the bark, leaves, fruit, and seeds contain the potent neurotoxin annonacin. [11] Names [ edit ] Flower parts and stages (from female at bottom to pollen-rich male at right) Ripe fruit of Asimina triloba, cut open to reveal the large seeds If the tree appears overladen with fruit, cut many away to prevent damaging overcrowding and leave about 6-8 inches between the fruits. Spring and fall are the ideal times to put plants in the ground, when the trees are dormant. Here’s how: a b c d e Bilton, Kathy. "Pawpaws: A paw for you and a paw for me". Archived from the original on July 18, 2011 . Retrieved July 21, 2011. Brannan, Robert G; etal. (February 2015). "Phytochemical analysis of ten varieties of pawpaw ( Asimina triloba[L.] Dunal) fruit pulp". Food Chemistry. 158: 656–661. doi: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.07.018. PMID 25172760.
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