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Furman, Jon (2007). Timber rattlesnakes in Vermont and New York: biology, history, and the fate of an endangered species. UPNE. ISBN 978-1-58465-656-2. Phillips, Steven J.; etal., eds. (2009). A natural history of the Sonoran Desert. University of California Press. p.577. ISBN 978-0-520-21980-9. Rattlesnakes are the leading cause of snakebite injuries in North America and a significant cause in Central and South America. [43] [81] Avoiding bites [ edit ] In 2016, Allf et al published a paper proposing behavioral plasticity as the mechanism by which the rattling system evolved in rattlesnakes. [51] [52] [53] In the case of rattlesnakes, Allf et al proposed that tail vibration in response to predator threat could be the precursor for the rattling system in rattlesnakes, an example of behavioral plasticity. [51] To investigate this hypothesis, the researchers analyzed tail vibration and relatedness to rattlesnakes among snakes in the families Viperidae and Colubridae. Their results demonstrated that the more closely related a species was to rattlesnakes, the more similar that species was to rattlesnakes in both duration and rate of tail vibration. [51] These results strongly support the hypothesis that tail vibration preceded the rattling system as a behavior and allowed for the rattle to be selected for once developed. Even a small, underdeveloped rattle early in the evolution of the rattling system could have been advantageous if tail vibration was an ancestral behavior. [54] Palmer, Thomas (2004). Landscape with Reptile: Rattlesnakes in an Urban World. Globe Pequot. ISBN 978-1-59228-000-1.

At birth, a "prebutton" is present at the tip of the snake's tail; it is replaced by the "button" several days later when the first skin is shed. However, no sound can be made by the rattle until a second segment is added when the skin is shed again. [55] A new rattle segment is added each time the snake sheds its skin, and the snake may shed its skin several times a year, depending on food supply and growth rate. a b c Fleisher, Gary R.; Ludwig, Stephen, eds. (2010). Textbook of Pediatric Emergency Medicine (6thed.). Lippincott Williams & Wilkins. p.1548. ISBN 978-1-60547-159-4. In the colder winter months, some rattlesnake species enter a period of brumation, which is dormancy similar to hibernation. Werler, John E.; Dixon, James Ray, eds. (2000). Texas snakes: identification, distribution, and natural history. University of Texas Press. p.3. ISBN 978-0-292-79130-5. Newton, Maud (2011). "How Does Rattlesnake Taste?". The New York Times . Retrieved November 21, 2014.Meier, Jürg; White, Julian, eds. (1995). Handbook of clinical toxicology of animal venoms and poisons, Volume 236. CRC Press. p.639. ISBN 978-0-8493-4489-3. Amerello, Melissa; Smith, Jeffrey; Slone, John (2011). "Family values: Maternal care in rattlesnakes is more than mere attendance". Nature Precedings. doi: 10.1038/npre.2011.6671.1. The most probable ancestral area of rattlesnakes is the Sierra Madre Occidental region in Mexico. The most probable vegetation or habitat of the ancestral area appears to be pine-oak forests. [11] Prey [ edit ] An important function of the skin is the sensation of changes in air temperature, which can guide the snakes towards warm basking/shelter locations. [62] All snakes are ectotherms. To maintain a stable body temperature, they exchange heat with their external environments. Snakes often move into open, sunny areas to absorb heat from the sun and warmed earth, a behavior known as basking. Nerves in the skin regulate the flow of blood into the veins near the surface. [61] Like most other snakes, rattlesnakes aestivate during very hot or dry periods, which is why they are rarely seen during the hottest and driest months of summer. [78] Conservation status [ edit ]

Rattlesnakes generally take several years to mature, and females usually reproduce only once every three years. [73] Brumation [ edit ] a b c d e Cetaruk, Edward W. (2005). "Rattlesnakes and Other Crotalids". In Brent, Jeffrey (ed.). Critical care toxicology: diagnosis and management of the critically poisoned patient. Elsevier Health Sciences. p.1075. ISBN 978-0-8151-4387-1. Delivery partners are very busy at this time of the year, therefore we are not able to guarantee a next day delivery, although we will use an express delivery service if you have opted for such.

Vitts, Laurie J. (1999). "Rattlesnake". In Mares, Michael A.; etal. (eds.). Encyclopedia of deserts. University of Oklahoma Press. p.468. ISBN 978-0-8061-3146-7.

Kini, R. Manjunatha; etal., eds. (2011). Toxins and Hemostasis. Springer 2011. p.99. ISBN 978-90-481-9294-6. Rattlesnakes are preyed upon by hawks, weasels, kingsnakes, and a variety of other species. Rattlesnakes are heavily preyed upon as neonates, while they are still weak and immature. Large numbers of rattlesnakes are killed by humans. Rattlesnake populations in many areas are severely threatened by habitat destruction, poaching, and extermination campaigns. We have a 30-day return policy, which means you have 30 days after receiving your item to request a return. Like all pit vipers, rattlesnakes have two organs that can sense radiation; their eyes and a set of heat-sensing "pits" on their faces that enable them to locate prey and move towards it, based on the prey's thermal radiation signature. These pits have a relatively short effective range of about 1ft, but give the rattlesnake a distinct advantage in hunting for warm-blooded creatures at night. [26] [27] Heat-sensing pits located in blue circle on a rattlesnake specimen: Location of the pit is the same in all Viperidae. 1. Trigeminal nerve extending into the heat-sensing pit 2. Trigeminal nerve originating in the brain 3. Heat-sensing pit Heat-sensing pits [ edit ] Campbell, Angela L.; Naik, Rajesh R.; Sowards, Laura; Stone, Morley O. (2002). "Biological Infrared Imaging and Sensing". Micron. 33 (2): 211–225. doi: 10.1016/S0968-4328(01)00010-5. PMID 11567889.Klauber, Laurence M. & Greene, Harry W. (1997). Rattlesnakes: their habits, life histories, and influence on mankind. University of California Press. ISBN 978-0-520-21056-1. a b Gupta, Ramesh Chandra, ed. (2007). Veterinary toxicology: basic and clinical principles. Academic Press. pp.800–801. ISBN 978-0-12-370467-2.