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The comparison of current distribution maps with available historical ones allowed us to assess the changes undergone by meadows over time. As we mentioned in the Results, in areas for which historical data were available, the estimated regression of P. oceanica meadows was 34% in the last 50 years. With reference to the IUCN’s draft of Red List criteria for ecosystems 47, that estimate makes P. oceanica habitat an “endangered” ecosystems. Agreeing to return after On the Rox closed, De Niro and Stanton left. Williams had met the actors at the nightclub and all planned on stopping by Belushi’s bungalow after Williams performed an unscheduled set at The Comedy Store. Williams arrived alone to find Belushi and Smith both in an inebriated state. According to The Castle on Sunset, Williams, like De Niro before him, found the scene unsettling and left after talking with Belushi – who had been complaining of feeling ill that evening – and doing a small amount of cocaine. De Niro, too, stopped by for a brief interaction before returning to his own suite at the Chateau Marmont sometime after 3 a.m. Belushi and Smith reportedly continued injecting cocaine mixed with heroin. Franke, F., Natora, M., Boucsein, C., Munk, M.H. & Obermayer, K. An online spike detection and spike classification algorithm capable of instantaneous resolution of overlapping spikes. J. Comput. Neurosci. 29, 127–148 (2010). RCC is a cough that persists for more than eight weeks despite optimal treatment of any underlying conditions or where there is no identifiable underlying cause. 6 Cough hypersensitivity syndrome – excessive coughing, often in response to relatively innocuous stimuli – is now identified as the primary pathology in RCC. RCC is a frequent, yet often under-recognised, medical condition with significant physical, social, and psychological consequences on a patient’s quality of life. Two-thirds of patients are women averaging between 50-60 years old. 7 There are currently no approved treatments for this condition in the US or the EU. About camlipixant
Citation: Belluscio V, Betti V, Martino Cinnera A and De Bartolo D (2023) Editorial: The brain meets the body: neural basis of cognitive contribution in movement for healthy and neurological populations. Front. Hum. Neurosci. 17:1306252. doi: 10.3389/fnhum.2023.1306252
Bouveyron, C. & Brunet-Saumard, C. Model-based clustering of high-dimensional data: a review. Comput. Stat. Data Anal. 71, 52–78 (2014). Temporal coding properties of spikes relative to theta phase (“phase precession”) ( O'Keefe and Recce, 1993) are typically examined using the phase of the narrow bandpass-filtered LFP (4–12 Hz; Fig. 1 D). To illustrate the relation of phase precession and the theta waveform, we assigned spikes to the ascending and descending phases of theta waves, respectively ( Fig. 1 D). Spikes that occur on the ascending part of the theta cycle represent largely the early part of the place field. The spike density showed a skewed phase distribution relative to the phase of the CA1 LFP ( Fig. 1 E). Importantly, theta asymmetry matched the asymmetry observed in the firing-rate histogram ( Geisler et al., 2010).
A loss of 30% of the meadows was reported along the Ligurian coasts since the 1960 s 20, whereas our estimate was 19%. In France, a P. oceanica regression of 23% was reported over the last 50 years, or, in more detail, 2% in Corsica (Cap Corse) in the last 15 years, 9.5% since the 1960’ (St. Florent), 4.3–5% in Marseille-Cortiou 49 and 90% along the coast of Marseille in the last 100 years 11. Our estimate for the French continental coast is equal to an average of 9%. In those cases where estimates differ, discrepancies are likely due to problems of accuracy of historical maps, which were identified by authors working in these areas 14, 20, 21. Boudouresque, C. F. et al. in Protection and conservation of Posidonia oceanica meadows 202 pp. (RAMOGE & RAC/SPA, 2012). Keith, D. A. et al. Scientific foundations for an IUCN Red List of ecosystems. PLoS One 8, e62111 (2013). Green, E. P. & Short, F. T. in World Atlas of Seagrasses 310 pp. (University of California Press, 2003). Guillen, J. E. et al. Evolution of Posidonia oceanica seagrass meadows and its implications for management. J. Sea Res. 83, 65–71 (2013).To examine the waveform of CA1 theta oscillations, we first applied a broad bandpass filter (1–80 Hz) and determined local minima and maxima in the theta range. Local minima and maxima were then used to determine the duration of the ascending and descending part of the theta cycle to calculate the asymmetry index. For the determination of theta waveshape phases, we calculated the median LFP over all CA1 recording channels that were sufficiently correlated (threshold, r> 0.7) to avoid inclusion of channels with strong phase shifts. From this median LFP signal, local minima and maxima were determined to extract the waveform phase by linear interpolation between them, with minima equaling 0° and maxima equaling 180°. With this approach, independent of the length of the ascending and descending parts of the theta cycle, each part always covers 180°. Other phase estimates and phase precession analyses were done as described previously ( Schmidt et al., 2009). Peres, J. M. La régression des herbiers a Posidonia oceanica in International Workshop on Posidonia oceanica beds (eds Boudouresque, C. F., Jeudy de Grissac, A. & Olivier, J. ) 445–454 (GIS Posidonie, 1984). Seagrass presence depends on a number of factors such as physical variables (e.g. temperature, salinity, depth, turbidity) which regulate its physiological activity, natural phenomena (climate change) and anthropogenic pressures. Meadows cover the majority of the Western Mediterranean coasts, but they are absent along parts of the Spanish coastline (Tarragona region), near the Ebro’s mouth, where freshwater input affects salinity and turbidity, thereby hindering seagrass growth 35. Similarly, along the French coasts between the Albères coastline and the Rhone River’s mouth (except for small beds in Cape d’Adge), considerable contributions of freshwater, suspended sediment and organic matter input do not allow P. oceanica to develop into meadows 36. Posidonia oceanica is also absent in Morocco (except for the Chafarinas Islands), probably due to the influence of cold Atlantic Water. In the Adriatic Sea, meadows are distributed along the eastern part (the coastline of Slovenia, Croatia, Montenegro and Albania) 37, the Apulian coasts 38 and small patches are present in Friuli (north-east of Italy) 39. In the North and Central-Western Adriatic Sea (Italian coasts of Abruzzi, Marche, Emilia and Veneto), inputs of suspended sediment and dissolved organic matter from the Po’s outlet, create high levels of turbidity along the central-western Adriatic coast, all the way until the Gargano Promontory. In the Levant Sea (Syrian, Lebanese and Israeli coastline), early reports of P. oceanica should be considered erroneous because meadows are not present in this area.
GSK is a global biopharma company with a purpose to unite science, technology, and talent to get ahead of disease together. Find out more at gsk.com/company. Cautionary statement regarding forward-looking statements relating to BELLUS Health Boudouresque, C. F., Bernard, G., Pergent, G., Shili, A. & Verlaque, M. Regression of Mediterranean seagrasses caused by natural processes and anthropogenic disturbances and stress: a critical review. Bot. Mar. 52, 395–418 (2009). Berényi, A. et al. Large-scale, high-density (up to 512 channels) recording of local circuits in behaving animals. J. Neurophysiol. 111, 1132–1149 (2014).Pergent-Martini, C. et al. Mapping of coastlines of the Republic of Cyprus, Progress report. 38 pp. (GIS Posidonie, 2013).
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