King of the Witches: the World of Alex Sanders; with Photographs by Jack Smith

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Walton, John H. (November 2006). Ancient Near Eastern Thought and the Old Testament: Introducing the conceptual world of the Hebrew Bible. Ada, Michigan: Baker Academic. p.325. ISBN 9781585582914– via Google Books. Keil, Carl Friedrich; Delitzsch, Franz (1956). Biblical Commentary on the Books of Samuel. Eerdmans. p.262. There was a church on the green where the witches were said to hold their covens, dance and summon the devil. This was St. Andrews Kirk, situated on the seafront. It would have been a perfect place from which to summon storms! In fact, there were rumours that some of the witches were held, tortured and eventually tried on the grounds of the Kirk, the foundations of which exist even today. She was tortured with thumbscrews before ultimately admitting to practising witchcraft. But worse still, that many more witches were involved.

It was alleged that Euphame MacCalzean, Barbara Napier, Agnes Sampson and others had attended an assembly of witches at " Atkynson's Haven" where an image of James VI was given to the devil for the destruction of the king. [19] Nazgûl: Come not between the Nazgûl and his prey! Or he will not slay thee in thy turn. He will bear thee away to the houses of lamentation, beyond all darkness, where thy flesh shall be devoured, and thy shriveled mind be left naked to the Lidless Eye. According to Maxine, Sanders, as a bisexual man, also had a number of relationships with men during his relationship with Maxine. [25] [26] di Fiosa, Jimahl (24 November 2010). A Coin for the Ferryman: The Death and Life of Alex Sanders. p.69.James provides a description of all of the kinds of spirits and specters that trouble men or women. His classification of demons is not based on separate demonic entities with their names, ranks, or titles. Instead, demonic entities are categorized according to the methods that they use to inflict mischief or torment on a living individual or a deceased corpse. The four categories of demonic entities, based on their methods, are:

In another version (corroborated by his future wife and High Priestess, Maxine Sanders), he claimed to have been initiated (and given his craft name, Verbius) as late as 1961 in a coven led by a woman from Nottingham, although he was indeed also taught a form of witchcraft and magic by his grandmother when he was young, with his mother’s knowledge. The Witch-king from The Lord of the Rings: The Card Game - The Flame of the West Expansion Translations Foreign Language At this point, according to Reverend Carmichael, God intervened and the woman’s mother became suspicious of the boy’s actions towards his sister. The mother beat the boy until he confessed the plot at which point she went to a local cow and snipped off three pubic hairs which she made the boy take to Dr Fian. He promptly wove a magic spell over the hairs and was rewarded when at church, the cow came into the kirk and went right up to him.Births, relationships, and the media [ edit ] 15 Clanricarde Gardens, where Alex and Maxine lived in a basement apartment

This book is believed to be one of the main sources used by William Shakespeare in the production of Macbeth. Shakespeare attributed many quotes and rituals found within the book directly to the Weird Sisters, yet also attributed the Scottish themes and settings referenced from the trials in which King James was involved. Sanders was eventually initiated by a Priestess, Pat Kopinski, who had been a member of the Crowthers' coven, and with whom Maxine Sanders later worked for several years. [6] According to Maxine Sanders, Sanders copied his Book of Shadows from his initiator's, Pat, Book in the normal manner. [6] By now the northern Dúnedain realm of Arnor, sister-kingdom to the southerly Gondor, had already become split into three warring successor states – Rhudaur, Cardolan and Arthedain. It was into this febrile situation that the Lord of the Nazgûl reappeared in TA 1300 and began to fulfil Sauron's plan to bring down the North-kingdom altogether. Adjacent to its territories he founded the dark domain of Angmar – where, from his capital of Carn Dûm, he began his campaign of open war against the Dúnedain of Arnor. It was during this series of conflicts that they labelled their new enemy's undead sorcerer-chieftain with the title of "Witch-king, Lord of Angmar". James, an insecure young king, found himself swept up in their fears and paranoia. Returning from Denmark freshly scarred from the storm, he wanted – no demanded – answers. Who were these witches that wished him dead? And he became directly involved in the witch trials; dark events that use torture to extract confessions. In the Septuagint (2ndcenturyBC) the woman is described as a ventriloquist, [12] possibly reflecting the consistent view of the Alexandrian translators that demons do not exist. [13] On the other hand, the Hebrew Book of Sirach, composed in the same period, represents it as a fact that Samuel prophesied to Saul after his death. [2] Josephus, writing in the 1st century AD, also appears to find the story completely credible. [14]The medium says that she sees " elohim arising" (she uses "elohim" in plural, but the apparition becomes singular in Saul's response) from the ground, using the word typically translated as "god(s)" to refer to the spirit of the dead. This is also paralleled by the use of the Akkadian cognate word ilu "god" in a similar fashion. [7] Biblical narrative [ edit ] Witch of Endor by Adam Elsheimer. In TA 1356, the "Witch-king" began his assault against the northerly Dúnedain in alliance with a vassal Hill-men King of Rhudaur. King Argeleb I of Arthedain was killed leading the defence of his realm against Rhudaur and Angmar. In TA 1409 the army of the Witch-king assaulted the fortress of Amon Sûl (Weathertop) and burned the tower, during which conflict King Arveleg I of Arthedain was killed. The Witch-king then invaded and overran the Kingdom of Cardolan and annexed Rhudaur, expelling or killing the last Dúnedain. The Witch of Endor is a name occasionally given to ships, both real and in fiction, such as in the Sci Fi series The Expanse.

diFiosa, Jimahl (2004). A Voice in the Forest: Spirit conversations with Alex Sanders. Southborough MA: Harvest Shadows Publications. ISBN 0-9741740-0-9. newcommand{\vecs}[1]{\overset { \scriptstyle \rightharpoonup} {\mathbf{#1}}}\) \( \newcommand{\vecd}[1]{\overset{-\!-\!\rightharpoonup}{\vphantom{a}\smash{#1}}} \)\(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \(\newcommand{\id}{\mathrm{id}}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\) \( \newcommand{\kernel}{\mathrm{null}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\range}{\mathrm{range}\,}\) \( \newcommand{\RealPart}{\mathrm{Re}}\) \( \newcommand{\ImaginaryPart}{\mathrm{Im}}\) \( \newcommand{\Argument}{\mathrm{Arg}}\) \( \newcommand{\norm}[1]{\| #1 \|}\) \( \newcommand{\inner}[2]{\langle #1, #2 \rangle}\) \( \newcommand{\Span}{\mathrm{span}}\)\(\newcommand{\AA}{\unicode[.8,0]{x212B}}\) a b "Translations and Reprints from the Original Sources of History". The Witch Persecution in Scotland. Vol.3. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: University of Pennsylvania. Dept. of History. 1912. pp.19–23 . Retrieved 17 June 2016. Dr. Fian also suffered severe torture. His fingernails were forcibly extracted, then iron pins were inserted. He was tortured with the pilliwinks, and the boot. Fian was finally taken to the Castlehill in Edinburgh and burned at the stake on 16 December. Fian's testimony implicated Francis Stewart, 5th Earl of Bothwell in a supernatural conspiracy, bringing a political element the ongoing trials. According to Christopher Smout, between 3,000 and 4,000 accused witches may have been killed in Scotland in the years 1560–1707. [12] Geillis Duncan [ edit ]

However, this assertion that Sanders was initiated by his grandmother in any fashion has been discredited, as Wibberley (2018) states: [1] Raised in a working-class family, Alex, as a young man, began working as a medium in the local Spiritualist Churches before going on to study and practise ceremonial magic. In 1963, he was initiated into Gardnerian Wicca before founding his own coven, through which he merged many aspects of ceremonial magic into Wicca. He claimed to have been initiated by his Welsh-speaking grandmother, Mary Bibby (née Roberts), [1] as a child, though recent research has disproven this, [1] with Bibby dying in 1907, some 19 years before Sanders' birth. Tyson, Donald (2012). The Demonology of King James I: Includes the Original Text of Daemonologie and News from Scotland. Llewellyn Worldwide. pp.15–16. ISBN 978-0-7387-2994-7.