Oral-B iO3 Electric Toothbrush (1) with (1) Ultimate Clean Brush Head and (1) Charger

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FOR HEALTHIER GUMS IN JUST 1 WEEK remove 100% more plaque vs a manual brush with ORAL-B’s MOST ADVANCED TECHNOLOGY As soon as you power on the iO3, the 2 minute timer and pacer are activated. The pacer momentarily pauses the brushing action every 30 seconds to tell you to move on to the next part of the mouth. After 2 minutes the alert changes slightly to tell you that you have brushed for long enough. The reduction of IO 3 − to I - in solution is a facile process by biotic and abiotic reactions. The intermediates IO 2 − and HOI dictate the reactivity sequence via a combination of thermodynamic and kinetic considerations. The IO 3 − to IO 2 − conversion is the least favorable and likely controlling step in this reaction sequence, but there is no need for nitrate reductase for IO 3 − reduction based on numerous studies. The data from this study indicate that once IO 2 − forms there is no thermodynamic barrier to I - formation. Chemical reduction of all iodine species (not iodide) by sulfide, Fe 2+ and Mn 2+ are favorable at seawater and sedimentary pH values, but only sulfide has been studied in the laboratory at oceanic pH values. Dissimilatory IO 3 − reduction during organic matter decomposition seems to be a key process as the IO 3 − / IO 2 − couple is more favorable than the NO 3 − / NO 2 − couple. As shown in Figure2, IO 2 − reduction to HOI and HOI reduction to I - are also more favorable at higher pε values than the IO 3 − to I - couple. At a pH = 8, the IO 2 − to HOI couple has a pε value of 12.06 corresponding to 2 μM O 2 (see Figure1). Similarly, the HOI to I - couple has a pε value of 12.66 corresponding to 250 μM O 2. At a pH of 7, both couples have pε values greater than 13 indicating that, even at O 2 saturation, I - is the dominant species predicted when these intermediates form. At a pH = 7.5 (that is found in many OMZ waters), both IO 2 − to HOI and HOI to I - couples have pε values greater than 12.6; also indicating that at O 2 saturation, I - is the dominant species predicted. Thus, the intermediates IO 2 − and HOI are not predicted to be stable in marine waters; thus, the conversion of IO 3 − to IO 2 − is a key step. Interestingly, Hardisty etal. (2021) found in situ IO 3 − reduction in the oxycline where [O 2(aq)] was 11 μM, but not at [O 2(aq)]< 2 μM. Lastly, the O 3 to O 2 + H 2O couple is highly oxidizing indicating that all iodine couples should lead to IO 3 − formation. O 3 reactions will be discussed in more detail below (sections 4.2, 4.7). The iO9 and 10 can hold the handle and 1 brush head only. This is because you can charge the brush inside the case. There is no battery in the case to do this. Instead, you connect the supplied proprietary power adapter.

Just wanted to thank you for the in depth review. I do find Oral brand very confusing, It feels like they are flooding the market to ensure customers are as confused as they can be so they either buy the most expensive or the cheapest. You can change the cleaning mode on the iO5 before turning the brush on. You can’t do this on the iO4. The ground state outermost shell electronic configuration of I is 5s 25p 5. As we see from electronic configuration of I atom that there is only 1 unpaired electron and to form io3- ion 3 unpaired electron is required. In the excited state, I transfer 2 p electrons in 5d orbital and now a total of 5 unpaired electron is present. In Figure3, NO 3 − is not an oxidant for I - (reverse of the NO 2 − and I 2 reaction) except for the formation of I 2 at a pH< 4. Of course, the table and quoted prices are just a guide. The actual selling prices vary from one retailer to another.The Series 9 comes with a power2go charging case that allows the iO to be charged inside whereas the Series 7 comes with a standard travel case. You could look at the Genius X. This doesn’t require the smartphone camera to be used. Works like the iO but a little less glitzy and feature rich.

Formation and release of gaseous I 2 from seawater to air permits photochemical breaking of the I-I bond to form gaseous I atoms, •I, which are reactive radicals. Similarly, release of volatile organic-iodine compounds leads to the homolytic cleavage of the C-I bond to form I•. O 3 reacts readily with I• to form gaseous IO• in the marine boundary layer ( Whalley etal., 2010). Further stepwise oxidation of gaseous IO•/HOI leads to IO 3 −. In laboratory experiments using mass spectrometry detection, Teiwes etal. (2019) showed that hydrated iodide, I(H 2O) -, reacts with gaseous O 3 to form IO 2 − directly without formation of gaseous HOI or IO -; thus, HIO 3 / IO 3 − can form in a two-step reaction sequence in the atmosphere. I - is a major sink for O 3 in the sea surface microlayer and the atmosphere. IO 3 − formation in the atmosphere and IO 3 − redeposition to surface seawater may be major iodine processes with the latter being similar to the deposition of trace metals from wet and dry deposition to the surface ocean (e.g., Chance etal., 2015; Meskhidze etal., 2019). Most atmospheric iodine originates from marine sources where I - oxidation to I 2 and homolytic cleavage of C-I bonds occurs; thus, gaseous iodine emissions from the ocean are reduced. IO 3 − forms from these sources during oxidation by O 3 in the atmosphere. An estimate of atmospheric deposition of IO 3 − to the ocean surface could be made by using the amount of IO 3 − in rainwater and aerosols that would be returned to the ocean surface, but more information on iodine speciation in rainwater and aerosols is needed as global spatial coverage appears limited. Despite major advances in iodine geochemistry over the last two decades, significant research is still needed on the processes that affect I - oxidation to IO 3 − in the atmosphere, seawater and ocean sediments. Author contributions Figure2 also shows that the IO 3 − / IO 2 − couple (Io5b) should be the first step in the reaction sequence of iodate to iodide (eqn. 1a). As the pε of the IO 3 − / IO 2 − couple has a more positive pε value than the N, Mn and Fe couples in Figure2, IO 3 − reduction is more favorable than these couples even though it is very close to the NO 3 − / NO 2 − couple. Thus, IO 3 − is predicted to reduce before NO 3 −, and biological activity (e.g., nitrate reductase activity) is not necessary to reduce IO 3 − (see section 3.2). Because of the strong pH dependence for the Mn and Fe couples, they cross the IO 3 − / IO 2 − and NO 3 − / NO 2 − couples at lower pH, which have similar slopes. Thus, NO 2 − is predicted to reduce IO 3 − to IO 2 − (eqn. 3). Interestingly, Mn 2+ and Fe 2+ should be poorer reductants than NO 2 − for conversion of IO 3 − to IO 2 − at a pH< 6 and pH< 1, respectively, but are more favorable to reduce IO 3 − than NO 2 − above those pH values (see sections 3.2 and 3.3). Hughes etal. (2021) report that IO 3 − production occurs in cultures of the ammonia-oxidizing bacteria Nitrosomonas sp. and Nitrosococcus oceani supplied with I -, but not in cultures of three different nitrite oxidizing bacteria. Information on the enzymes mediating the oxidation were not studied. Nevertheless, NH 4 + oxidation via nitrification occurs via NH 2OH formation which is a 2-electron reaction. Further reaction of NH 2OH via metalloenzymes (e.g., Mo and W oxidases that transfer O atoms) leads to NO 2 − (a 4-electron transfer) and NO 3 −. I - likely goes through the intermediates IO 2 − and HOI to form IO 3 −, but these intermediates are reactive and not detectable by present analytical methods unlike NO 2 −. Potassium hydrogen iodate (or potassium biiodate), KH(IO 3) 2, is a double salt of potassium iodate and iodic acid, as well as an acid itself.Oral-B has published impressive clinical results and the iO Series. It has not yet been tested and approved by any UK organisation, such as the Oral Health Foundation, but has been awarded the American Dental Association’s Seal of Acceptance, confirming it meets the claims made by the manufacturer. The round head is small enough to get into tight gaps, but bigger than non-iO heads Although the minimum brushing time might have been reached, the iO3 encourages longer brushing, by not powering off automatically. A simple press of the power button will turn it off. It teaches you how much pressure to apply There are several ways that I - (or reduced I) can form in rainwater and aerosols. The interconversion between IO 3 − and I - at the pH of wet deposition also leads to HOI and I 2, which can react with organic material forming C-I bonds that can release I - (section 4.6). This material has been given the term soluble organically bound iodine and can be larger than the sum of the concentrations of IO 3 − and I - in aerosols ( Gilfedder etal., 2008; Droste etal., 2021). Soluble organically bound iodine can form from release of natural organic iodine from land and sea (a primary source) or from the reaction of natural organic material with HOI or I 2 in the atmosphere (a secondary source). On photolysis of C-I, I• forms and reacts with O 3, and on C-I reaction with nucleophiles, I - forms. During a study on the formation of cloud condensation nuclei, Huang etal. (2022) also showed that natural gaseous organic material in the marine boundary layer reacts with IO 3 − in aerosols resulting in gaseous I 2, which can be reoxidized to IO 3 − (catalysis) or react to form organic-I compounds. Lastly, Cuevas etal. (2022) reported that photolysis of IO 3 − particles in the stratosphere at a wavelength of about 260 nm can lead to gaseous I• and O 2 during transport from the tropics to the Antarctic region. Thus, there are several pathways for reduction of IO 3 − in the atmosphere. 5 Conclusions Each function button has a slightly concave shape and a different material finish to the rest of the handle, thus it’s obvious to the fingertip where it is positioned

The information in the preceding paragraphs along with the thermodynamic data from Martín etal. (2022), Figure2 (the half reaction for O 3 to O 2 and H 2O) and Figure9 predict that IO 3 − should be the dominant species in the atmosphere. Although reduction of IO 3 − is not predicted in an oxidizing atmosphere, analyses of rainwater ( Campos etal., 1996b; Truesdale and Jones, 1996; Baker etal., 2001; Hou etal., 2009), aerosols ( Gilfedder etal., 2008; Droste etal., 2021) and snow ( Gilfedder etal., 2008) in the marine boundary layer indicate that aqueous iodide and iodate coexist. Hou etal. (2009) reviewed wet iodine speciation data and reported that IO 3 − predominates over I - from marine sources/air masses whereas I - predominates from continental air masses. All modes are designed to be used for 2 minutes. The only exception is tongue clean which is set for 30 seconds. Figures3– 6 showed the reduction of IO 3 − with reductants. All values of ΔlogK reaction> 0 indicate a favorable reaction and all values of ΔlogK reaction< 0 indicate an unfavorable reaction. These figures can be used to discuss the reverse reaction of I - oxidation with oxidants. For reverse reactions, when a ΔlogK reaction< 0, then I - oxidation is favorable, but when ΔlogK reaction> 0, I - oxidation is unfavorable. By contrast, Figure7B shows that the reactions of I - with the 2-electron oxidants H 2O 2, 1O 2 and O 3 are all thermodynamically favorable. The likely reaction pathway is the loss of 2-electrons to produce I +, which then reacts with I - to form I 2. Note that H 2O 2 reacts to form H 2O not •OH in Figure7B. The 2-electron reaction with O 3 ( Figure7B) is more favorable than the 1-electron reaction ( Figure7A).

Acknowledgments

Although both have 5 cleaning modes, they are different. The iO5 has daily clean, sensitive, super sensitive, intense and whitening, whilst the iO6 has daily clean, sensitive, intense, whitening and gum care. The iO5 has super sensitive whilst the iO6 has gum care. Iodate is unusual in that it forms a strong hydrogen bond with its parent acid: [2] IO − 3 + HIO 3 → H(IO 3) − 2